Immunity prevention is a branch of immunology, where they study and develop methods and methods for specific prophylaxis of infectious and non-infectious diseases using immunobiological drugs that affect the function of the immune system. Immunity prevention is aimed at creating active or passive immunity to the causative agent of an infectious disease in order to prevent a possible disease by forming the body's immunity to it.

Children with various history of aggravating factors are at risk. To avoid post-vaccination complications, all activities related to immunization of such patients should be performed especially carefully. The inclusion of a child in a risk group should in no way be considered as a basis for non-immunization, since the diseases targeted by immunity prevention in such children are often very difficult and give an unfavorable outcome. You can’t consider them “withdrawn” from vaccination — in fact, they are included in the lists of vaccines subject to the probable duration of the vaccine and the necessary conditions. Children assigned to risk groups, before vaccination require additional examination, drawing up an individual immunization schedule and a series of measures to prevent post-vaccination complications. It should be borne in mind that the degree of risk of complications varies for different vaccines.

The doctor’s work with children from risk groups consists of several stages. First, it is necessary to give a general assessment of the child’s health status before vaccination and identify specific risk factors for the development of post-vaccination complications. Taking into account the history and results of the examination, the child is assigned to a particular risk group and, having determined the admissibility of immunization, an individual vaccination schedule is made.

To date, in the age of the Internet and the media, when anyone can pass off their opinions as scientifically proven facts, there are opponents of vaccination. Among them there are not a few parents of healthy children, and children with chronic diseases, in particular with such an allergic disease as atopic dermatitis.

The objectives of this article are:

• Find scientifically proven facts of the need for vaccination of children with allergic
• To note the features of vaccination of children with allergic

Tuberculosis development risk factors of for children with HIV infection were studied, 26 children with combined HIV and tuberculosis examined, comparing to 50 children with local forms of tuberculosis, with no HIV-infection. All the kids from the first group were in perinatal contact in HIV. The comparative analysis of social, physical, biological and epidemiological factors between the groups showed that children having HIV contacted TB patients twice as frequently.

The postvaccination immunity to bacterial toxins in preschool-age children with atopic dermatitis before the second revaccination has been studied. It was determined that protective immunity against Cl. tetani toxin is kept in 100% cases and against C. diphtheriae in 86,7% ones. High level of antitoxic IgG is detected in more than half of all children.

This paper presents an analysis of children suffering from bronchial asthma (BA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) of the frequency visits to the allergological hospital in Rostov-on-Don for 2017–2019.

Results. It was found that patients with BA (75.33%) required the most frequent hospital admissions compared to patients with AD (24.67%) (p=0.02). In addition, children of primary school age (87.65%) and adolescents (91.47%) were statistically significantly more likely to suffer from BA, while infants (89.43%) were  more  likely  to  suffer  from  AD.  Male patients predominate (60.51%). The maximum frequency of exacerbations of BA is observed from March to October and decreases in the winter months. At the same time, among children with AD, a significant increase in the frequency of requests for inpatient care was noted at the beginning of the year, followed by a decrease in the autumn-winter period.

Conclusion. Monitoring the frequency of visits to children with allergopathology allows us to identify not only the age and gender characteristics of patients, but also to predict the peaks of exacerbations of the disease in them.

Relevance. In the literature there are single works dedicated to the study of allergic rhinitis in children with overweight and obesity. The available information are conflicting and require further study.

Aim of study. To study the nature of sensitization to aeroallergens and the debut of allergic rhinitis in children with overweight/obesity.

Materials and methods. The study included 45 children with allergic rhinitis (AR) at the age of 4–8 years, who were monitored at the Smolensk Regional Center of Allergology and Immunology; the selection of children was carried out by the method of continuous sampling. The SDS criterion (body weight, kg / height, m) was used to assess body weight. The results were evaluated by the data of percentile tables and / or standard deviation scores depending on the child's age and gender differences.  Obesity  in  children  was  diagnosed  at  +2.0  SDS.  All  children  were  divided  into  3  groups: 1st — 22 children with normal body weight, 2nd — 13 children with SDS below normal and 3rd — 10 children with overweight/obesity. All children spent skin  scarification  allergy  tests  with  water-salt  extracts  of  house  dust  mites  (HDM) and pollen allergens (manufactured by JSC "Biomed"  Russia)  according  to  the  standard  method  Positive  results  of allergy tests to one allergen were considered as monosensitization, to two or more allergens — as polysensitization. The presence of positive allergy tests to non-closely related allergens (pollen, KDP) was considered as a combined sensitization [1]. Statistical working of the results was carried out using the statistical software package Microsoft Excel 7.0. The angular transformation test (Fisher's test) or the X² test (X-square) were used to compare the proportional indicators between the groups. The results were considered reliable at a significance level of p<0,05.

Results. We found as a result of research that overweight / obesity meets about 1/5 of children 4–8 years old with allergic rhinitis. The debut of allergic rhinitis did not depend on the child's body weight. Boys predominated in all groups of children with allergic rhinitis whatever of body weight. Hypersensitivity to house dust mite allergens is the leading cause of allergic rhinitis in children 4–8 years old in all weight categories (from 60,0% to 63,2%). Allergic rhinitis in children with overweight / obesity conditioned as 2,64 times often (p<0.05) by monosensitization to aeroallergens compared with children with normal SDS. Whereas children with normal body weight is recorded 2,05 times more often (p<0.05) the combined type of hypersensitivity.

Conclusion. Obesity meets in 1/5 of children 4–8 years old with allergic rhinitis. This factor did not affect the debut of allergic rhinitis, but influenced on the type of sensitization to aeroallergens.