ЧАСТОТА ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ НЕАСТМОПОДОБНЫХ СИМПТО-МОВ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ISAAC У ПОДРОСТКОВ ХАБАРОВСКОГО РЕГИОНА, РОССИЯ

Введение

В последние десятилетия отмечается рост распространенности бронхиальной астмы у дnетей во всем мире, при этом имеет место значимая разница распространённости астмоподобных симптомов, выявляемых сплошным опросом (ISAAC), и бронхиальной астмы по обращаемости. В ходе стандартизированного опроса ISAAC выявляются не только астмоподобные, но и иные симптомы атопии, распространённость которых в их взаимосвязи с астмоподобными представляет большой интерес для определения вероятности развития БА. В данной работе впервые изучалась частота их встречаемости у школьников Хабаровского края России.

Материалы и методы 

В опросе участвовали 696 подростков, проживающих в городе Хабаровске и Хабаровском сельском районе, соответствующих требованиям метода программы ISAAC по возрасту (13-14 лет).

Результаты (Results):

Распространённость симптомов аллергического ринита у всех опрашиваемых подростков Хабаровского края составила 69,3%. В группе с астмоподобными симптомами она достоверно больше (77,2% против 56,6%). Осложнения в виде коньюктивита при неинфекционном рините встречались в 12,6% случаев, и так же намного чаще у детей с астмоподобными симптомами (30,1% против 8,9%). Симптомы атопического дерматита встречаются у 11,8% подростков, в 4,6 раза чаще при сочетании с астмоподобными симптомами (22% против 4,8%), локализуются в типичных для атопического дерматита местах – в 5,3% случаев, чаще при наличии астмоподобных симптомов (11,4% против 3,9%).

Заключение 

Распространённость неастмоподобных симптомов атопии среди подростков Хабаровска и Хабаровского края при изучении методом стандартного сплошного опроса ISAAC выше, чем в большинстве стран, где проводилось данное исследование. Выявленная в ходе опроса частота и структура неастмоподобных симптомов характерна для индустриально развитых стран. Следует отметить, что распространенность и тяжесть неастмоподобных симптомов в городе Хабаровске значительно, выше, чем в Хабаровском сельском районе, однако симптомы неинфекционного ринита на селе протекает тяжелее.

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