The problem of upgrowth the allergic diseases prevalence remain extremely relevant over the recent decade, due to the fact that official statistics do not reflect the true state of affairs regarding the frequency of various allergic diseases. Thus, more than 339 million people suffer from bronchial asthma (BA) worldwide, although the true values may be several times higher. Currently, global population studies, such as the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood — ISAAC, and the Global Asthma Network — GAN, allow us to assess the prevalence of allergic diseases, in particular atopic dermatitis (AtD) and allergic rhinitis (AR). Difficulties in epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these nosologies are experienced by most countries of the world, and especially developing countries where there are problems with the availability of therapy. Owing to the GAN program, therapeutic recommendations are formed in order to reduce the global burden of allergopathology. The purpose of this article is to present the results of epidemiological studies on the prevalence of allergic diseases, as well as factors affecting these indicators in the child population.

Local studies of various types of domestic sensitization in patients are in demand and have practical value.

Objective: to study the spectrum of domestic sensitization in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) in St. Petersburg, in connection with the main clinical data. Materials and methods. The study included 360 patients with perennial allergies, 216 boys, 144 girls, aged 5 to 17.9 years (mean age 9.13 ± 3.41 years). Skin prick tests on the front surface of the forearm with water-salt extracts (joint stock company Biomed, Russia) were carried out and evaluated according to the standard method with allergens: house dust, D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, cat, dog, horse, pillow feather. The test was considered positive with a maximum wheal diameter of ≥3 mm 15 min. after application.

Results. In the structure of domestic sensitization in children with AR and BA, house dust mite allergens were in the lead; the most common sensitization was to D. farinae (70.3%) and D. pteronyssinus (60.8%), as well as to a cat (54.2%) and a dog (52.8%). In children with moderate asthma, the cat allergen was in the lead, exceeding the level of sensitization to house dust mites. The frequency of sensitization to various allergens increased significantly with the increase in the allergic disease duration.

Conclusion. The high significance of house dust mite allergens, as well as epidermal allergens in children with perennial AR and BA, should be taken into account when planning allergological evaluation and treatment measures..

Relevance. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children, which varies depending on the child's age, region of residence, the presence of comorbid allergic diseases and other risk factors.

Purpose of the study. To study the nature of comorbid allergic diseases, their manifestation in children of 7–8 years of age with allergic rhinitis on the basis of the data of parental questionnaires.

Materials and methods. A survey of parents of first-graders in 3 schools in Smolensk, located in different districts of the city, was carried out. In total, 400 questionnaires were handed out, 379 (94,75%) were returned filled. The average age of children was 7.7±0.02 y.o. The questions in the questionnaire included physically verified diagnoses of allergic diseases, risk factors, heredity, age of children at the time of manifestation of an allergic disease, the presence of comorbid allergic diseases in children with AR. The questionnaire was approved at a meeting of the «Pediatrics» section of the Ethics Committee of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the SSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 25.03.2017. Statistical processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel software package and 95% confidence intervals.

Results. It was found that in a cohort of 7–8 year old children in Smolensk, the incidence of AR is 18.2%, atopic dermatitis — 11.9%, bronchial asthma — 2.9%, food allergy — 12.2%, insect allergy — 12.4%, allergic conjunctivitis — 3.97%, drug allergy — 15.6%, allergic contact dermatitis — 4.5%. Analysis of the data obtained in children with AR showed that the manifestation of year-round AR is mainly observed at the age of 2 to 5 years, and seasonal AR — from 3 to 5 years and older than 5 years. It has also been shown that multimorbidity is present, i.e. combination of AR with other allergic diseases; in particular, with atopic dermatitis in 47.8% of cases, bronchial asthma in 10.1%, food allergy in 30.4%, allergic conjunctivitis in 15.9%. One third of children with AR have comorbid diseases of a non-IgE-dependent or mixed mechanism, such as drug allergy, insect allergy, and every tenth child has allergic contact dermatitis. The manifestation of comorbid allergic diseases took place at different age periods, which indicates multimorbidity in children with allergic rhinitis.

Conclusion. The results of our study show that AR is the most common allergic disease in children of 7–8 years of age living in the city of Smolensk. In almost half of the cases, AR is characterized by multimorbidity. This fact must be taken into account when developing individual tactics for managing children with AR.

Recent decades see a steady increase in the number of patients suffering from food allergies worldwide. Children have a variety of clinical symptoms of food allergy. Some patients have local allergic reaction in the oral cavity, other — atopic dermatitis or gastrointestinal allergy, and sometimes there is the food anaphylaxis that put child’s life in danger. Atopic dermatitis is among the most common food allergy symptom. We all know that atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by skin itching and inflammation. Allergens in children food intake are considered to be the main factors to provoke atopic dermatitis at an early age, but sometimes not only oral allergens are the main triggers of the disease. Nowadays we get more data about inhalation and transdermal ways of sensitization with atopic dermatitis.

Resent global scientific discoveries in molecular allergology changed the awareness of allergen structure and new ways to detect allergy. Scientists proved the direct connection between recurrent and difficult to treat signs of atopic dermatitis and IgE-dependent allergic reactions. That forces doctors to choose ISAC-112 ImmunoCAP test to treat patients with severe skin lesions to clarify the spectrum of sensitization.

Objective: to describe a clinical case and to stress the importance of clarifying all possible allergens that can sensitize a patient with symptoms of atopic dermatitis, detected by ISAC-112 ImmunoCAP test.

Chronic urticaria (CholU) is a relevant problem in pediatrics due to its high frequency among other physical forms of chronic urticarial especially in adolescence. We present current data of pathogenesis, diagnostic criterias and principles of therapy of CholU using up-to-date clinical guidelines. Also the significance of provocative tests for diagnosis and differential diagnosis with other forms of inducible urticaria was described. We examined 182 patients with chronic urticarial and revealed 3.8% cases of CholU. Our clinical case report of patient with cold urticaria and exercise-induced anaphylaxis represents the importance of this issue for pediatricians and allergists-immunologists.