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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2023-3-34-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-98</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты анкетирования врачей России с целью выявления соответствия ведения детей с хронической крапивницей клиническим рекомендациям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The results of a survey of Russian doctors in order to identify the compliance of the management of children with chronic urticaria with clinical recommendations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолкин</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolkin</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смолкин Юрий Соломонович — д. м. н., профессор кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>125371, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri Solomonovich Smolkin — Dr. Sci., Professor of Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology of Academy of Postgraduate Education under </p><p>91 Volokolamskoe Shosse, 125371, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smolkin@alerg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-5709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масальский</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masalskiy</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масальский Сергей Сергеевич — к. м. н., доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и педиатрии </p><p>125466, г. Москва, ул. Соколово-Мещерская, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Sergeevich Masalskiy — Cand. Sci., Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics</p><p>29 Sokolovo-Meshcherskaya str., 125466, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masalsky@live.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-9605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хакимова Резеда Фидаиловна — д. м. н., профессор кафедры клинической иммунологии с аллергологией </p><p>420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rezeda Fidailovna Khakimova — Dr. Sci., Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology</p><p>49 Butlerov st., Kazan, 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khakimova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трусова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trusova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трусова Ольга Валерьевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры терапии госпитальной с курсом аллергологии и иммунологии им. ак. М. В. Черноруцкого с клиникой </p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Valerievna Trusova — Cand. Sci., Associate Professor Department of Hospital Therapy with the Course of Allergology and Immunology named after Academician M.V. Chernorutsky with the clinic</p><p>6–8 L’va Tolstogo st., St. Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o-tru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-0754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларькова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larkova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларькова Инна Анатольевна — к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отделения аллергологии </p><p>109240, г. Москва, Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna Anatolevna  — Cand. Sci., Senior researcher of Allergy Department</p><p>2/14 Ustinskiy proezd, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna_larkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-1947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Елена Владимировна — заведующий аллергологическим отделением </p><p>603136, г. Нижний Новгород, ул. Ванеева, д. 211</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Vladimirovna Timofeeva — Head of Allergy Department</p><p>211 Vaneeva str., 603105, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenatim-nn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-9484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>Р. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>R. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешкова Раиса Яковлевна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>214018, г. Смоленск, ул. Крупской, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Yakovlevna Meshkova — Dr. Sci., Рrofessor, Head of Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology</p><p>28 Krupskaya st., Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshkova.raisa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-9871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигачева</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Migacheva</surname><given-names>N.  B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мигачева Наталья Бегиевна — д. м. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии ИПО</p><p>443056, г. Самара, Ул. Самарская, д. 137</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Begievna Migacheva — Dr. Sci.,Associate Professor,Head of Department of Pediatrics</p><p>137 Samarskaya st., Samara, 443056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nbmigacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стежкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stezhkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стежкина Елена Викторовна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии ФДПО </p><p>390026, г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Viktorovna Stezhkina — Cand. Sci., Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatrics FDPO</p><p>9 Vysokovoltnaya st., Ryazan, 390026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polus1972@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-3529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепешкова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepeshkova</surname><given-names>T. S. </given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лепешкова Татьяна Сергеевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической педиатрии и педиатрии ФПК и ПП </p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Sergeevna Lepeshkova — Cand. Sci., Associate Professor Department of polyclinic Pediatrics and Pediatrics faculty of advanced training and retraining</p><p>3 Repina st., Ekaterinburg, 620028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levlpa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-9052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пищальников</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pischalnikov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пищальников Александр Юрьевич — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии и неонатологии </p><p>454092, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Yurievich Pischalnikov — Dr. Sci., Рrofessor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>64 Vorovsky st., Chelyabinsk, 454092</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pau6277@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ ФНКЦ ФМБА России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBI FSCC of FMBA of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский медицинский университет «Реавиз»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Medical University “Reaviz”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский ГМУ» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE Kazan SMU MOH Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE I.P. Pavlov SPbSMU MOH Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Вiotechnology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">Нижегородская областная детская клиническая больница<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО СГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE SSMU MOH Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО РязГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE RyazSMU MOH Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE USMU MOH Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО ЮУГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBEI HE SUSMU MOH Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смолкин Ю.С., Масальский С.С., Хакимова Р.Ф., Трусова О.В., Ларькова И.А., Тимофеева Е.В., Мешкова Р.Я., Мигачева Н.Б., Стежкина Е.В., Лепешкова Т.С., Пищальников А.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смолкин Ю.С., Масальский С.С., Хакимова Р.Ф., Трусова О.В., Ларькова И.А., Тимофеева Е.В., Мешкова Р.Я., Мигачева Н.Б., Стежкина Е.В., Лепешкова Т.С., Пищальников А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smolkin Y.S., Masalskiy S.S., Khakimova R.F., Trusova O.V., Larkova I.A., Timofeeva E.V., Meshkova R.Y., Migacheva N.B., Stezhkina E.V., Lepeshkova T.S., Pischalnikov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/98">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/98</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Первичное наблюдение детей с ХК в России осуществляется педиатрами, дерматологами и аллергологами-иммунологами. Неясно, как используются клинические рекомендации врачами различных специальностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Онлайн-опрос педиатров, аллергологов-иммунологов и дерматологов в РФ с использованием анкеты из 5 блоков вопросов, связанных с этиологией, диагностикой и терапией. В анкетировании приняли участие 316 врачей с медианным стажем 10 [5; 20] лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. 83,3 % опрошенных наблюдали не более 2 детей с ХК в месяц. Самообразование с целью расширения знаний (видеолекции, специальная литература) указали 72,6 % участников. Клиническими рекомендациями (КР), которые использовали врачи, являются документы педиатрических и аллергологических ассоциаций России (77,3 и 55,9 % соответственно), международные КР использовали 27 % респондентов.</p><p>Среди отклонений от рекомендованного алгоритма наиболее часто встречались назначения биохимического исследования крови (64,9 %), ультразвукового исследования органов (56,9 %), консультации специалистов без показаний: гастроэнтеролога (48,2 %), инфекциониста (31,8 %), ревматолога (27,1 %). Пробу с аутологичной сывороткой у детей по разным причинам не используют 87,2 % врачей.</p><p>При аллергологическом обследовании опрошенные рекомендуют определять: уровень общего IgE в сыворотке крови (63,9 %), количество эозинофилов в периферической крови (61,2 %). Необходимость определения специфических IgE указали не более трети опрошенных. Кожные пробы в период ремиссии считают возможным выполнять 59,1 % врачей из всех, считающих аллергологическое обследование целесообразным.</p><p>При лечении детей с ХК 18,6 % респондентов не рекомендуют специальную диету, 27,7 % — исключают из питания продукты, содержащие аллергены, к которым обнаружена сенсибилизация, остальные рекомендуют элиминационную неспецифическую диету.</p><p>Антигистаминные II поколения (АГ II) являются наиболее используемыми в клинической практике (86,5 %). Препаратами выбора до 12 лет врачи назвали цетиризин (25,7 %) и левоцетиризин (19,7 %). Необходимость двухкратного увеличения дозы АГ II при отсутствии ответа на стандартную дозу поддержали 59,5 % врачей, остальные предпочитают смену молекулы АГ II в стандартной дозе. Опыт использования омализумаба отметили 20 % специалистов, при этом 76,3 % понимают значимость и готовы использовать биологическую терапию. При неэффективности омализумаба 44,1 % врачей считают препаратом выбора глюкокортикостероиды; 38,8 % — циклоспорин. Около трети врачей используют альтернативную терапию, не рассмотренную в клинических рекомендациях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Значительное число врачей не используют в реальной практике рекомендации, основанные на доказательных исследованиях. АГ II являются основой терапии ХК у детей во всех возрастных группах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Primary observation of children with (CU) in Russia is performed by pediatricians, dermatologists, and algologists. It is unclear how clinical guidelines are used in a heterogeneous group of specialists.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Online survey of pediatricians, allergists, and dermatologists (n = 304) in the Russian Federation using a questionnaire, from 5 blocks of questions related to etiology, diagnosis, and therapy. 316 physicians with a median experience of 10 [5; 20] years were included in the questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 83.3 % of respondents observed no more than 2 children with CU per month. Self-education to expand knowledge (video lectures, special literature) was indicated by 72.6 % of participants. The clinical guidelines used by physicians were documents of pediatric and allergy associations of Russia (77.3 and 55.9 %, respectively), international guides were used by 27 % of respondents.</p><p>The most frequent deviations from the recommended algorithm were the prescription of biochemical blood tests (64.9 %), ultrasound examination of organs (56.9 %), consultations of specialists without indications: gastroenterologist (48.2 %), infectious disease specialist (31.8 %), rheumatologist (27.1 %). The autologous serum test in children is not used by 87.2 % of physicians for various reasons.</p><p>During allergy testing, respondents recommend: the concentration of total IgE in serum (63.9 %), the number of eosinophils in the blood (61.2 %). The importance of determining specific IgE was indicated by no more than one third of the respondents. Skin tests during remission period were supported by 59.1 % of all physicians, who considered allergologic examination to be necessary. Diet: 18.6 % of respondents do not recommend a special diet for children; 27.7 % exclude from the diet foods to which sensitization is detected, the rest recommend an nonspecific elimination diet.</p><p>Antihistamines of 2nd generation (AG II) are the most used in clinical practice (86.5 %). Physicians named cetirizine (25.7 %) and levocetirizine (19.7 %) as the drugs of choice up to 12 years of age. The need to double the dose of AG II in the absence of response to the standard dose was supported by 59.5 % of physicians. The other physicians preferred a change of AG II molecule in the standard dose. Experience with the use of omalizumab was reported by 20 % of specialists, with 76.3 % understanding the significance and willingness to use biologic therapy. If omalizumab is ineffective, 44.1 % of physicians consider glucocorticosteroids to be the drug of choice; 38.8 % — cyclosporine A. About one third of physicians use alternative therapies not considered in the clinical guidelines.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A significant number of physicians do not use recommendations based on evidence-based studies in real practice. AG II are the basis of CU therapy in children in all age groups. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крапивница</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>обследование</kwd><kwd>опрос</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urticaria</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>examination</kwd><kwd>survey</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fricke J, Ávila G, Keller T, et al. Prevalence of chronic urticaria in children and adults across the globe: Systematic review with meta-analysis. 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