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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2023-2-33-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-иммунологические особенности у детей с повторными эпизодами острого ларинготрахеита, респираторных инфекций и ЛОР-заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and immunological characteristic of children with recurrent episodes of acute laryngotracheitis, acute respiratory infections, otorhinolaryngological deseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-5406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чувирова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuvirova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чувирова Анастасия Геннадьевна - аллерголог- иммунолог ФГБУ «ГНЦ РФ — Институт иммунологии», ФМБА России.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское ш., 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia G. Chuvirova - allergologist- immunologist of National Research Center — Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency.</p><p>115522, 24, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.chouvirova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-2801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярцев</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yartsev</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярцев Михаил Николаевич — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения иммунопатологии детей.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское ш., 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail N. Yartsev— PHD, department immunopathology of children of National Research Center — Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency.</p><p>115522, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_yartsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Академия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center — Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency; Academy of Postgraduate Education of the «Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center — Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чувирова А.Г., Ярцев М.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чувирова А.Г., Ярцев М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuvirova A.G., Yartsev M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/45">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/45</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изучение патогенеза и иммунопатогенеза повторных респираторных инфекций (ОРВИ) в сочетании с острым ларинготрахеитом (ОЛТ) и ЛОР-патологией (тонзиллофарингит, риносинусит, отит) — актуальная задача для педиатрии, решение которой важно и для разработки подходов к профилактике формирования хронических заболеваний. Недостаточно изучены механизмы коморбидности с инфекциями и иммунодисрегуляции врожденного иммунитета.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Изучение клинико-иммунологических особенностей и эффективности назначения бактериального лизата (бронхо-ваксом) у детей с повторными эпизодами острого ларинготрахеита (ОЛТ), ОРВИ и ЛОР-заболеваниями.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 50 детей (22 мальчика и 28 девочек) в возрасте 3-9 лет на начало наблюдения (32 ребенка — в возрасте 3-6 лет и 18 детей — 7-9 лет) с повторными эпизодами ОЛТ, ОРВИ и ЛОР-патологией, частота ОРИ 6-12 раз, частота ОЛТ 3-8 раз в год. Все дети консультированы педиатром, ЛОР-врачом. Дети консультированы и наблюдались аллергологом-иммунологом. 25 детей получали лечение по стандартам (подгруппа 1а) и 25 детей (подгруппа 1б) получали в комплексном лечении бактериальный лизат (бронхо-ваксом), обе подгруппы сходны по полу и возрасту, клиническим проявлениям. Срок наблюдения 3 года, эффективность оценивали через год и через три года лечения. Дополнительно обследована группа сравнения из 30 детей в возрасте 3-9 лет (21 — в возрасте 3-6 лет и 9 — в возрасте 7-9 лет) с частотой ОРИ 3-5 раз в год, без очагов хронической инфекции респираторного тракта и повторных эпизодов ОЛТ. Иммунологическое обследование включало показатели системного и врожденного иммунитета (CD3-HLA-DR±, CD3+HLA-DR±, CD3-CD16±, CD3+CD16±, TLR2+CD14±, TLR4+CD14±, CD14+CD119± клетки), сывороточные иммуноглобулины (А, M, G, E), показатели хемилюминесценции, интерфероны (ИФН-α, ИФН-γ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У детей с повторными эпизодами ОЛТ и ОРВИ экспрессия TLR2 и TLR4 на CD14+-клетках (TLR4+CD14+, TLR2+CD14+), рецепторов к ИФН-γ (CD14+CD119+) достоверно выше, чем у детей без ОЛТ и с частотой ОРВИ 3-5 раз в год, что сопровождается снижением уровня ИФН-γ и ИФН-α и связано с развитием дисрегуляции иммунной системы, которая уменьшается при назначении бактериального лизата (бронхо-ваксом). Комплексное лечение детей в течение 3 лет с назначением препарата достоверно снижает частоту ОРВИ — в 2,6 раза, тонзиллофарингита — в 1,8 раза, риносинусита — в 2,2 раза, потребность в назначении антибиотиков — в 2,2 раза. В группе, получавшей лечение по стандартам, через 3 года потребность в назначении антибиотиков снижалась в 1,6 раза, частота обострений ОРВИ — в 1,2 раза, тонзиллофарингита — в 1,5 раза, риносинусита — в 1,8 раза.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У детей с повторными эпизодами ОЛТ, ОРВИ и ЛОР-патологией наблюдается иммунодисрегуляция врожденного иммунитета: повышение экспрессии TLR2 и TLR4 на CD14+-клетках (TLR4+CD14+, TLR2+CD14+), рецепторов к ИФН-γ (CD14+CD119+), снижение уровня ИФН-γ и ИФН-α. Включение в комплексное лечение бактериального лизата (бронхо-ваксом) у детей снижает иммунодисрегуляцию, частоту ОРВИ, обострений ЛОР-заболеваний (тонзиллофарингита, риносинусита, отита), потребность назначения антибиотиков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Researching on pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of acute respiratory infections in conjunction with recurrent episodes of acute laryngotracheitis and otorhinolaringological diseases (tonsillopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, otitis) — is a high priority task for pediatrics, what is necessary to do to create an approach for preventing chronic illnesses.</p><p>The aim of the present work. Researching on clinical and immunological characteristics and efficiency of treatment with prescription of bacterial lysate (OM-85) for children with recurrent episodes of acute laryngotracheitis, acute respiratory infections (ARI), otorhinolaringological diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Fifty children 3-9 years old (32 children 3-6 years, 18 children 7-9 years old; 32 boys, 28 girls) in the initial period of monitoring, with recurrent episodes of acute laryngotracheitis (ALT), acute respiratory infections (ARI), otorhinolaryngological diseases were examined. The treatment in according with pediatric clinical practice guidelines, consultations with a pediatrician, otorhinolaryngologist, allergologist were provided to all children.</p><p>Twenty five children (subgroup I b) received bacterial lysate (OM-85, 4 courses in 3 years ) in complex treatment. Subgroups I a, I b were similar in clinical symptoms, gender and age related. Follow up period continued three years. The results were evaluated a year and three years after treatment. Experimental group was composed of 30 children 3-9 years old, additionally examined. This group had such characteristics as: frequency of acute respiratory infections 3-5 times in a year, absence of chronic respiratory diseases, of recurrent episodes of acute laryngotracheitis. Immunological survey included some parameters of innate immunity, serum immunoglobulins, chemiluminescence, interferons (IFN-alfa, IFN-gamma).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In children with repeated episodes of ALT and ARI and otorhinolaryngological diseases the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on CD14+ cells, receptors for IFN-γ (CD14+CD119+) is significantly higher than in children without ALT and with a frequency of ARI 3-5 times a year, which is accompanied by a decrease in the level of IFN-γ and IFN-α and is associated with the development of dysregulation of the immune system, which decreases with the administration of bacterial lysate (OM-86). Complex treatment of children within 3 years with the prescription of the drug significantly reduces the frequency of ARI — 2.6 times, tonsillopharyngitis — 1.8 times, rhinosinusitis — 2.2 times, the need for the prescription of antibiotics — 2.2 times. In the group treated by standards after 3 years, the need for antibiotics decreased by 1.6 times, the frequency of ARI exacerbations — by 1.2 times, tonsillopharyngitis — by 1.5 times, rhinosinusitis — by 1.8 times.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый ларинготрахеит</kwd><kwd>бактериальный лизат</kwd><kwd>TLR2</kwd><kwd>TLR4 рецепторы</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>повторные ОРВИ</kwd><kwd>тонзиллофарингит</kwd><kwd>риносинусит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute laryngotracheitis</kwd><kwd>bacterial lysate</kwd><kwd>TLR4</kwd><kwd>TLR2 receptors</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>recurrent respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>laryngotracheitis</kwd><kwd>tonsillopharyngitis</kwd><kwd>rhynosinusitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Царькова СА. 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