adairАллергология и Иммунология в ПедиатрииAllergology and Immunology in Paediatrics2500-11752712-7958Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России10.53529/2500-1175-2023-1-5-15adair-30Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWЭозинофилы в норме и патологии. Структура, медиаторы, развитиеEosinophils in normal and pathological conditions. Structure, mediators, developmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-504XПрилуцкийА. С.PrilutskijA. S.

Прилуцкий Александр Сергеевич — д.м.н., профессор кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии, иммунологии и аллергологии

283003, г. Донецк, пр. Ильича, д. 16

Prilutskij Aleksandr Sergeevich — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology and Allergology

283003, Ilyicha avenue, 16

aspr@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-0873СорокинаО. В.SorokinaO. V.

Сорокина Оксана Викторовна — магистрант кафедры биохимии и органической химии

283001, г. Донецк, ул. Университетская, д. 24

Sorokina Oksana Viktorovna — Master’s Degree student of the Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry

283001, Universitetskaya st., 24

skseniya@mail.uahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-7841ПрилуцкаяО. А.PrilutskaiaO. A.

Прилуцкая Ольга Александровна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней № 4

283003, г. Донецк, пр. Ильича, д. 16

Prilutskaia Olga Aleksandrovna — Cand. Of Medical Sci., Associate Professor of the Department 

283003, Ilyicha avenue, 16

set1999@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-2036БарановаО. В.BaranovaO. V.

Баранова Оксана Викторовна — к.х.н., доцент кафедры биохимии и органической химии

283001, г. Донецк, ул. Университетская, д. 24

Baranova Oksana Viktorovna — Cand. of Chemical Sci., Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry

283001, Universitetskaya st., 24

obaranova_16@mail.ruГосударственная образовательная организация высшего профессионального образования «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет имени М. Горького»State Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education «M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University»Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Донецкий национальный университет»State Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education «Donetsk National University»20231004202301515Copyright © Прилуцкий А.С., Сорокина О.В., Прилуцкая О.А., Баранова О.В., 20232023Прилуцкий А.С., Сорокина О.В., Прилуцкая О.А., Баранова О.В.Prilutskij A.S., Sorokina O.V., Prilutskaia O.A., Baranova O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/30

Эозинофилы являются важнейшим типом клеток. Они имеют разнообразные функции. Эозинофил как отдельный клеточный элемент впервые описал Пауль Эрлих в 1879 г. Количество их обычно колеблется в пределах 1–4% от общего числа циркулирующих лейкоцитов. Наличие крупных специфических (вторичных) гранул является характерным признаком, отличающим эозинофилы от других гранулоцитов. В клетке также определяются первичные гранулы, липидные тельца и др. Кристаллы Шарко — Лейдена регистрируются в цитоплазме и гранулах. Эозинофилы являются эффекторными клетками естественного иммунитета. Эозинофилы обладают способностью быстро высвобождать огромное количество тканевых медиаторов, таких как гранулярные белки, цитокины, нейромедиаторы, ферменты и др. Следует отметить, что некоторые из них определяются только в данных клетках. Концентрации многих медиаторов в эозинофилах значительно превышают аналогичные показатели их в нейтрофилах. Развитие эозинофилов определяется сложным взаимодействием целого комплекса транскрипционных факторов и цитокинов. В будущем будут охарактеризованы новые факторы транскрипции и другие молекулы, участвующие в дифференцировке данных клеток. Будет дана более подробная характеристика медиаторов эозинофилов.

Eosinophils are the most important cell type. They have a variety of functions. Eosinophil as a separate cellular element was first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1879. Their number usually ranges from 1–4% of the total number of circulating leukocytes. The presence of large specific (secondary) granules is a characteristic feature that distinguishes eosinophils from other granulocytes. Primary granules, lipid bodies are also determined in the cell. Charcot — Leiden crystals are registered in the cytoplasm and granules. Eosinophils are the effector cells of natural immunity. Eosinophils have an ability to rapidly release a vast number of tissue mediators such as granule proteins, cytokines, neuromediators, enzymes and others. It should be noted that some of them are determined only in these cells. The concentrations of many mediators in eosinophils is much higher than in neutrophils. The development of eosinophils is determined by the interaction of a whole complex of transcription factors and cytokines. It is shown that new transcription factors and other molecules involved in the differentiation of these cells to be determined in the future. A more detailed characterization of eosinophil mediators will also be carried out.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.