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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2026-2-15-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-248</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности наследственного аллергологического анамнеза при различных фенотипах бронхиальной астмы у детей до 5 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of hereditary allergic history in different phenotypes of bronchial asthma in children under 5 years of age</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6923-8146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Большакова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolshakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Большакова Оксана Владимировна — ассистент кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Южный федеральный округ, Волгоградская область, 400066, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, зд. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Bolshakova — Assistant, Department of Childhood Diseases of Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksu.bolshakovamalanskay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4624-8813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюжинская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuzhinskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малюжинская Наталья Владимировна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Южный федеральный округ, Волгоградская область, 400066, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, зд. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Malyuzhinskaya — Dr. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Childhood Diseases of Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maluzginskaia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-8136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полякова Ольга Владимировна — к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Южный федеральный округ, Волгоградская область, 400066, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, зд. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Polyakova — Cand. Sci, Associate Professor, Department of Childhood Diseases of Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olvlpolyakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9656-7895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулова Екатерина Алексеевна — ассистент кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Южный федеральный округ, Волгоградская область, 400066, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, зд. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Akulova — Assistant, Department of Childhood Diseases of Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaa_akulova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5288-0343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахматова</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmatova</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахматова Джаннет Османовна — аспирант кафедры детских болезней педиатрического факультета</p><p>Южный федеральный округ, Волгоградская область, 400066, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, зд. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhannet O. Akhmatova — Postgraduate Student, Department of Childhood Diseases, Pediatric Faculty</p><p>1 Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">djanet88dracon@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volgograd State Medical University», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Большакова О.В., Малюжинская Н.В., Полякова О.В., Акулова Е.А., Ахматова Д.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Большакова О.В., Малюжинская Н.В., Полякова О.В., Акулова Е.А., Ахматова Д.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bolshakova O.V., Malyuzhinskaya N.V., Polyakova O.V., Akulova E.A., Akhmatova D.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/248">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/248</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. В педиатрической практике особое значение имеют фенотипы бронхиальной астмы (БА), определяемые наличием коморбидных аллергических заболеваний — атопического дерматита (АтД) и аллергического ринита (АР). Их сочетание у одного пациента свидетельствует о системном характере воспаления и, вероятно, о более высокой генетической предрасположенности. Однако оценка вклада наследственности в формирование различных фенотипов БА у детей дошкольного возраста изучена недостаточно.Цель: оценить частоту и структуру отягощенности наследственного аллергологического анамнеза при различных фенотипах БА у детей до 5 лет.Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование 493 детей 3–5 лет с БА и 200 детей контрольной группы. Сформировано 4 группы в зависимости от фенотипа: изолированная БА (n = 128), БА в сочетании с АтД (n = 130), БА в сочетании с АР (n = 122), БА в сочетании с АтД и АР (n = 113). Проведен анализ наследственной отягощенности с расчетом отношения шансов (ОШ) и 95% доверительного интервала (ДИ). Для сравнения частот использовали критерий χ² с поправкой Йейтса.Результаты. Отягощенный наследственный анамнез выявлен у 66,7% детей с БА против 19,5% в контроле (ОШ = 8,28; p &lt; 0,001). Установлено нарастание частоты наследственной отягощенности при увеличении количества коморбидных аллергических заболеваний: изолированная БА — 53,9% (ОШ = 4,83; p &lt; 0,001), БА+АР — 55,7% (ОШ = 5,20; p &lt; 0,001), БА+АтД — 70,8% (ОШ = 10,00; p &lt; 0,001), БА+АтД+АР — 88,5% (ОШ = 31,76; p &lt; 0,001). Фенотип БА+АтД+АР значимо превосходил остальные группы по частоте наследования по обеим линиям родства (31,0% против 5,5–13,1% в других фенотипах; p &lt; 0,001 для всех сравнений). Максимальные значения наследования по материнской линии выявлены при фенотипе БА+АтД (37,7%; ОШ = 5,16; p &lt; 0,001), по отцовской — при БА+АтД+АР (25,7%; ОШ = 3,97; p &lt; 0,001).Заключение. Фенотипы БА у детей до 5 лет с множественной коморбидной аллергической патологией, особенно включающей сочетание АтД и АР, имеют наиболее выраженную генетическую детерминацию. Наибольшая наследственная нагрузка характерна для фенотипа БА+АтД+АР, что подтверждает роль накопления атопических заболеваний как маркера высокой генетической предрасположенности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rationale. In pediatric practice, phenotypes of bronchial asthma (BA) defined by comorbid allergic diseases — atopic dermatitis (AtD) and allergic rhinitis (AR) — are of particular importance. Their combination in a single patient indicates a systemic nature of inflammation and likely a higher genetic predisposition. However, the contribution of heredity to the formation of different BA phenotypes in preschool children remains insufficiently studied.Objective: to evaluate the frequency and structure of hereditary allergic history burden in different BA phenotypes in children under 5 years of age.Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 493 children aged 3–5 years with BA and 200 control children. Four groups were formed based on phenotype: isolated BA (n = 128), BA with AtD (n = 130), BA with AR (n = 122), BA with AtD and AR (n = 113). Family history of allergy was analyzed with calculation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The χ² test with Yates’ correction was used for frequency comparisons. Results. A positive hereditary history was found in 66,7% of children with BA compared to 19,5% in the control group (OR = 8,28; p &lt; 0,001). The frequency of family history of allergy increased with the number of comorbid allergic diseases: isolated BA — 53.9% (OR = 4,83; p &lt; 0,001), BA+AR — 55,7% (OR = 5,20; p &lt; 0,001), BA+AtD — 70,8% (OR = 10,00; p &lt; 0,001), BA+AtD+AR — 88,5% (OR = 31,76; p &lt; 0,001). The BA+AtD+AR phenotype significantly exceeded other groups in the frequency of inheritance through both parental lines (31,0% vs. 5,5–13,1% in other phenotypes; p &lt; 0,001 for all comparisons). The highest maternal inheritance rates were found in the BA+AtD phenotype (37,7%; OR = 5,16; p &lt; 0,001), while the highest paternal inheritance rates were in BA+AtD+AR (25,7%; OR = 3,97; p &lt; 0,001).Conclusion. BA phenotypes in children under 5 years of age with multiple comorbid allergic pathologies, especially those including the combination of AtD and AR, have the most pronounced genetic determination. The greatest family history of allergy is characteristic of the BA+AtD+AR phenotype, confirming the role of accumulation of atopic diseases as a marker of high genetic predisposition.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>астма</kwd><kwd>дети раннего возраста</kwd><kwd>наследственность</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>young children</kwd><kwd>heredity</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin J., Townshend J., Brodlie M. Diagnosis and management of asthma in children. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2022; 6 (1): e001277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001277. 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