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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2025-4-40-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аллергический ринит у детей раннего возраста: клинико-аллергологические параллели, факторы риска, профиль сенсибилизации и ведущие аллергены</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergic rhinitis in young children: clinical and allergological correlations, risk factors, sensitization patterns and major allergens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-6365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андронова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andronova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андронова Елена Владимировна — врач аллерголог-иммунолог, соискатель кафедры поликлинической педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава Российской Федерации</p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Vladimirovna Andronova — candidate of polyclinic Pediatrics Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “The Urals State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia, allergist-immunologist</p><p>3 Repina str., 620028, Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andronova.elena_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-3529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепешкова</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepeshkova</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лепешкова Татьяна Сергеевна — д. м. н., доцент кафедры поликлинической педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава Российской Федерации</p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Sergeevna Lepeshkova — Dr. Sci, associate professor of polyclinic Pediatrics Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “The Urals State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia</p><p>3 Repina str., 620028, Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levlpa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “The Urals State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андронова Е.В., Лепешкова Т.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андронова Е.В., Лепешкова Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andronova E.V., Lepeshkova T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/230">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/230</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Установление причин формирования аллергических заболеваний у детей — сложная задача, представляющая интерес для медицинской общественности всей страны.Цель исследования: на основании клинических симптомов, анамнеза и результатов аллергологических исследований установить факторы риска, профиль сенсибилизации и значимые аллергены у детей раннего возраста с аллергическим ринитом (АР), проживающих в г. Белорецк (Республика Башкортостан).Материалы и методы. В открытое одноцентровое проспективное исследование вошли пациенты (n = 113) с персистирующим ринитом с 2 до 4 лет. Дети были разделены: 1-я группа — с АР (n = 68) — 3,19±0,78 года; 2-я группа — без АР (n = 45) — 3,00±0,80 года. Проведены: сбор анамнезов, определение эозинофильного катионного белка, общ IgE и sIgE (ImmunoCAP), риноцитограмма. Полисенсибилизированные дети (n = 11) дообследованы на панели ISAC-112 (ImmunoCAP). Различия считались значимыми при р &lt; 0,05. Рассчитывали медиану (Ме) и 95% ДИ: Me [Q25; Q75], использовали критерий Манна — Уитни (U-тест) и критерий χ2 с поправкой Йетса. Корреляции изучались с помощью коэффициента Спирмена и шкалы Чеддока.Результаты. АР формировался к трем годам жизни. Персистирующие круглогодичные симптомы легкой степени тяжести имели 54,41% больных (р = 0,019), преобладали симптомы чихания (р &lt; 0,001). Факторами риска стали: БА в семье (ОШ 11,9; 95% ДИ [2,8; 50,9]), сезонный АР в семье (ОШ 2,5; 95% ДИ [1,1; 5,7]), анемия матери (ОШ 2,3; 95% ДИ [1,1; 5,0]), кесарево сечение (ОШ 2,8; 95% ДИ [1,2; 6,8]), АтД (ОШ 3,9; 95% ДИ [1,4; 10,3]), гипертрофия аденоидов 2–3-й ст. (ОШ 3,2; 95% ДИ [1,3; 8,1]), контакт с животными (ОШ 3,6; 95% ДИ [1,8; 7,3]), пассивное курение (ОШ 2,8; 95% ДИ [1,4; 5,8]). Повышение sIgE установлено: к перхоти кошки — у 75,00%, к перхоти собаки — у 66,18%, к березе — у 47,06%, к тимофеевке — у 20,59%, к полыни — у 36,76%, к бытовым аллергенам (D. p. и D. f.) — у 41,18% детей г. Белорецка. Найдены sIgE (n = 11): к Fel d 1 — у 90,91%, к Bet v 1 — у 73,72%, на панели ISAC-112.Заключение. Изучение клинических симптомов и факторов риска формирования аллергических заболеваний дает новые знания по каждой изучаемой территории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Identifying the causes of allergic diseases and allergen sensitization patterns in young children remains a challen­ ging task of significant interest to the medical community.Objective. This study aimed to determine risk factors, sensitization profiles, and major allergens in children aged 2–4 years with allergic rhinitis (AR) residing in Beloretsk (Republic of Bashkortostan).Materials and methods. In this open-label, single-center, prospective study, 113 children with persistent rhinitis were enrolled and divided into two groups: AR (n = 68, mean age 3.19±0.78 years) and non-AR (n = 45, 3.00±0.80 years). Evaluations included medical history, eosinophilic cationic protein levels, total and specific IgE (ImmunoCAP), and nasal cytology. Polysensitized children (n = 11) underwent further testing using the ISAC-112 molecular panel. Statistical analysis employed median (Me) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), Mann — Whitney U-test, Yates-corrected χ² test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and Chaddock’s scale.Results. AR developed by the age of three, with 54.41% of patients exhibiting mild persistent perennial symptoms (p = 0.019), predominantly sneezing (p &lt; 0.001). Significant risk factors included family history of asthma (OR 11.9; 95% CI [2.8; 50.9]), seasonal AR (OR 2.5; 95% CI [1.1; 5.7]), maternal anemia (OR 2.3; 95% CI [1.1; 5.0]), cesarean delivery (OR 2.8; 95% CI [1.2; 6.8]), atopic dermatitis (OR 3.9; 95% CI [1.4; 10.3]), adenoid hypertrophy grade 2—3 (OR 3.2; 95% CI [1.3; 8.1]), animal exposure (OR 3.6; 95% CI [1.8; 7.3]), and passive smoking (OR 2.8; 95% CI [1.4; 5.8]). Sensitization was detected to cat dander (75.00%), dog dander (66.18%), birch (47.06%), timothy grass (20.59%), mugwort (36.76%), and house dust mites (D. p., D. f.) (41.18%). Molecular analysis (ISAC-112) confirmed sensitization to Fel d 1 (90.91%) and Bet v 1 (73.72%).Conclusion. These findings highlight the importance of regional studies in understanding the clinical and risk factors of pediatric allergic diseases, contributing to improved diagnosis and prevention strategies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>сенсибилизация</kwd><kwd>респираторные аллергены</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>sensitization</kwd><kwd>respiratory allergens</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заплатников А.Л., Гирина А.А., Бурцева Е.И. и др. Дети с рекуррентными респираторными инфекциями — современное состояние проблемы. РМЖ. 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