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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2500-1175-2021-2-19-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ коморбидной патологии у детей младшего школьного возраста с аллергическим ринитом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of comorbid pathology in primary school children with allergic rhinitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-9484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>Р. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>R. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешкова Раиса Яковлевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой клинической иммунологии и аллергологии</p><p>214018, г. Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raisa Ya. Meshkova, MD, DSc, Head of Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology </p><p>214018, Krupskaya str., 28, Smolensk, Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshkova.raisa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королева</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroleva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> г. Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smolensk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекезин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekezin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> г. Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smolensk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стунжас</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stunzhas</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> г. Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smolensk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> г. Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smolensk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Смоленский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Департамент Смоленской области по здравоохранению</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of the Smolensk region for health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мешкова Р.Я., Королева А.Е., Бекезин В.В., Стунжас О.С., Сергеева И.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мешкова Р.Я., Королева А.Е., Бекезин В.В., Стунжас О.С., Сергеева И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshkova R.Y., Koroleva A.E., Bekezin V.V., Stunzhas O.S., Sergeeva I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/22">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/22</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В последние годы отмечается увеличение распространенности аллергического ринита (АР) у детей, которая варьируется в зависимости от возраста ребенка, региона проживания, наличия коморбидных аллергических заболеваний и других факторов риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить характер коморбидных аллергических заболеваний, их манифестацию у детей 7–8летнего возраста с аллергическим ринитом на основании данных анкетирования родителей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено анкетирование родителей детей-первоклассников в 3-х школах г. Смоленска в рамках городской программы по выявлению аллергических заболеваний у детей на 2017–2020 гг. Анкета была одобрена на заседании секции «Педиатрия» Этического комитета ГБОУ ВПО СГМУ МЗ РФ от 25.03.2017 г. Вопросы анкеты включали врачебно-верифицированные диагнозы аллергических заболеваний, факторы риска, наследственность, возраст детей на момент манифестации аллергического заболевания, наличие коморбидных аллергических заболеваний у детей с АР. Всего было роздано 400 анкет, возвращено заполненными 379 (94,75%). Средний возраст детей составил 7,7±0,02 г. Аллергический ринит (АР) был выявлен у 69 детей. Статистическая обработка произведена с использованием пакета программ Microsoft Excel и 95% доверительных интервалов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что в когорте детей 7–8-летнего возраста г. Смоленска частота встречаемости АР составляет 18,2%, атопического дерматита — 11,9%, бронхиальной астмы — 2,9%, пищевой аллергии — 12,2%, инсектной аллергии — 12,4%, аллергического конъюнктивита — 3,97%, лекарственной аллергии — 15,6%, аллергического контактного дерматита — 4,5%. Анализ данных, полученных у детей с АР, показал, что манифестация круглогодичного АР в основном отмечается в возрасте от 2 до 5 лет, а сезонного АР — от 3–5 лет и старше 5летнего возраста. Сочетание АР с другими аллергическими заболеваниями, в частности с атопическим дерматитом, имела место в 47,8% случаев, бронхиальной астмой в 10,1%, пищевой аллергией в 30,4%, аллергическим конъюнктивитом в 15,9%. У 1/3 детей с АР выявлены коморбидные, не атопические заболевания, такие как лекарственная аллергия, инсектная аллергия, а у каждого десятого ребенка отмечался аллергический контактный дерматит. Манифестация коморбидных аллергических заболеваний имела место в разные возрастные периоды, что свидетельствует о мультиморбидности у детей с аллергическим ринитом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты нашего исследования показывают, что АР является наиболее частым аллергическим заболеванием у детей 7–8-летнего возраста, проживающих в г. Смоленске. Почти в половине случаев АР характеризуется мультиморбидностью. Этот факт необходимо учитывать при разработке индивидуальной тактики ведения детей с АР.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children, which varies depending on the child's age, region of residence, the presence of comorbid allergic diseases and other risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To study the nature of comorbid allergic diseases, their manifestation in children of 7–8 years of age with allergic rhinitis on the basis of the data of parental questionnaires.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A survey of parents of first-graders in 3 schools in Smolensk, located in different districts of the city, was carried out. In total, 400 questionnaires were handed out, 379 (94,75%) were returned filled. The average age of children was 7.7±0.02 y.o. The questions in the questionnaire included physically verified diagnoses of allergic diseases, risk factors, heredity, age of children at the time of manifestation of an allergic disease, the presence of comorbid allergic diseases in children with AR. The questionnaire was approved at a meeting of the «Pediatrics» section of the Ethics Committee of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the SSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 25.03.2017. Statistical processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel software package and 95% confidence intervals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that in a cohort of 7–8 year old children in Smolensk, the incidence of AR is 18.2%, atopic dermatitis — 11.9%, bronchial asthma — 2.9%, food allergy — 12.2%, insect allergy — 12.4%, allergic conjunctivitis — 3.97%, drug allergy — 15.6%, allergic contact dermatitis — 4.5%. Analysis of the data obtained in children with AR showed that the manifestation of year-round AR is mainly observed at the age of 2 to 5 years, and seasonal AR — from 3 to 5 years and older than 5 years. It has also been shown that multimorbidity is present, i.e. combination of AR with other allergic diseases; in particular, with atopic dermatitis in 47.8% of cases, bronchial asthma in 10.1%, food allergy in 30.4%, allergic conjunctivitis in 15.9%. One third of children with AR have comorbid diseases of a non-IgE-dependent or mixed mechanism, such as drug allergy, insect allergy, and every tenth child has allergic contact dermatitis. The manifestation of comorbid allergic diseases took place at different age periods, which indicates multimorbidity in children with allergic rhinitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of our study show that AR is the most common allergic disease in children of 7–8 years of age living in the city of Smolensk. In almost half of the cases, AR is characterized by multimorbidity. This fact must be taken into account when developing individual tactics for managing children with AR.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>коморбидные заболевания</kwd><kwd>манифестация</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>comorbid diseases</kwd><kwd>manifestation</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis //Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018 February; 8(2): p. 108–352. doi:10.1002/alr.22073</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis //Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018 February; 8(2): p. 108–352. doi:10.1002/alr.22073</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буйнова С.Н. 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