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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2025-3-56-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к диагностике иммунодефицитных состояний у детей с синдромом Дауна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to the diagnosis of immunodeficiency disorders in children with Down syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3435-196X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиркова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirkova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Юрьевна Чиркова, ассистент</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yurievna Chirkova, Assistant</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annachirka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-1509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новопольцева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novopoltseva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Геннадьевна Новопольцева, д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; 603136; ул. Ванеева, 211; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Gennadievna Novopoltseva, Dr. Sci., professor, head of the department</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; 603136; Vaneeva St., 211; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eknovopol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-6571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Анатольевна Тарасова, д. м. н., профессор</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla Anatolyevna Tarasova, Dr. Sci., professor</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taras.al@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4221-5656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ожгихин</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozhgikhin</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Юрьевич Ожгихин, студент 3-го курса</p><p>лечебный факультет</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill Yurievich Ozhgikhin, 3rd year student</p><p>Faculty of Medicine</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirillozgihin4@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-6353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Сергеевна Веселова, студентка 6-го курса</p><p>педиатрический факультет </p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina Sergeevna Veselova, 6th year pediatrics student</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vas0721@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5680-7960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Дмитриевич Морозов, студент 6-го курса</p><p>педиатрический факультет</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Dmitrievich Morozov, 6th year pediatrics student</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanes5514@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2000-8942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клокова</surname><given-names>У. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klokova</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ульяна Александровна Клокова, студентка 6-го курса</p><p>педиатрический факультет</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Uliana Alexandrovna Klokova, 6th year pediatrics student</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yldoskina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8400-6834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксянова</surname><given-names>Х. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksyanova</surname><given-names>H. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хасяня Фатиховна Аксянова, заведующий консультацией, врач-генетик</p><p>медико-генетическая консультация</p><p>603136; ул. Ванеева, 211; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hasyanya Fatihovna Aksyanova, Head of the consultation, geneticist</p><p>medical and genetic consultation</p><p>603136; Vaneeva St., 211; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hasynya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1038-3435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смеликова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smelikova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина Юрьевна Смеликова, заместитель главного врача по консультативно-диагностической помощи</p><p>603136; ул. Ванеева, 211; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina Yurievna Smelikova, Deputy Chief Physician for Consultative and Diagnostic Care</p><p>603136; Vaneeva St., 211; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kdc-nodkb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0905-1899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баскакова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baskakova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Юрьевна Баскакова, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia Yurievna Baskakova, Cand. Sci, associate professor</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enya83@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-2130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Михайловна Козлова, д. м. н., профессор</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Mikhailovna Kozlova, Dr. Sci., professor</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pediatrnn@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2547-2626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Евгеньевна Ларионова, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia Evgenievna Larionova, Cand. Sci, associate professor</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larionova-evg@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-9711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумская</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumskaya</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Юрьевна Шумская, ассистент, заведующий отделением, врач-неонатолог</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии; отделение патологии новорожденных и недоношенных</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; 603136; ул. Ванеева, 211; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yurievna Shumskaya, Assistant, Head of the Department, neonatologist</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics; Department of Pathology of Newborns and Premature Infants</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; 603136; Vaneeva St., 211; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina-shumskaja@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5335-2631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Андреевна Пахомова, студентка 3-го курса</p><p>лечебный факультет</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Andreevna Pakhomova, 3rd year student</p><p>Faculty of Medicine</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mashafucat@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-9079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Николаевна Крылова, аспирант</p><p>кафедра факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии</p><p>603005; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1; Нижегородская область; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Nikolaevna Krylova, graduate student</p><p>department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics</p><p>603005; pl. Minina and Pozharsky, 10/1; Nizhny Novgorod Region; Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krylova-2011a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ НО «Нижегородская областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Nizhny Novgorod Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НО «Нижегородская областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чиркова А.Ю., Новопольцева Е.Г., Тарасова А.А., Ожгихин К.Ю., Веселова А.С., Морозов И.Д., Клокова У.А., Аксянова Х.Ф., Смеликова Н.Ю., Баскакова Е.Ю., Козлова Е.М., Ларионова Е.Е., Шумская Е.Ю., Пахомова М.А., Крылова А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чиркова А.Ю., Новопольцева Е.Г., Тарасова А.А., Ожгихин К.Ю., Веселова А.С., Морозов И.Д., Клокова У.А., Аксянова Х.Ф., Смеликова Н.Ю., Баскакова Е.Ю., Козлова Е.М., Ларионова Е.Е., Шумская Е.Ю., Пахомова М.А., Крылова А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chirkova A.Y., Novopoltseva E.G., Tarasova A.A., Ozhgikhin K.Y., Veselova A.S., Morozov I.D., Klokova U.A., Aksyanova H.F., Smelikova N.Y., Baskakova E.Y., Kozlova E.M., Larionova E.E., Shumskaya E.Y., Pakhomova M.A., Krylova A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/216">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/216</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Актуальность</title><p>   Актуальность. Синдром Дауна является одним из самых распространенных генетических заболеваний во всем мире. Люди с  данным синдромом находятся в группе риска по развитию иммунодефицитных состояний. В статье рассматриваются результаты исследования концентрации TREC и KREC у детей с синдромом Дауна.</p></sec><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: определение концентрации TREC и KREC у детей с синдромом Дауна в сравнении со здоровыми детьми.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное исследование, направленное на определение содержания TREC и KREC в крови детей и подростков с синдром Дауна.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Установлено, что концентрация TREС у детей с синдромом Дауна значительно ниже по сравнению со здоровыми детьми соответствующего возраста, что указывает на нарушение в развитии Т-клеточного звена иммунитета. Аналогичная картина наблюдается и для уровней KREС, что свидетельствует о нарушении созревания В-лимфоцитов, отвечающих за синтез антител.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Данное исследование подчеркивает важность ранней диагностики и мониторинга иммунного статуса у детей с синдромом Дауна путем определения концентрации TREС и KREС, что позволит своевременно проводить коррекционные мероприятия и предотвращать развитие осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Relevance</title><p>   Relevance. Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic diseases worldwide. People with this syndrome are at risk for developing immunodeficiency conditions. The article discusses the results of a study of TREC and KREC concentrations in children with Down syndrome.</p><p>   The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of TREC and KREC in children with Down syndrome compared with healthy children.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted to determine the content of TREC and KREC in the bloo d of children and adolescents with Down syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. It was found that the co ncentration of TREС in children with Down syn drome is significantly lower than in healthy children of the appropriate age, which indicates a violation in the development of the T-cell link of immunity. A similar pattern is observed for KREС levels, which indicates a violation of the maturation of B-lymphocytes responsible for the synthesis of antibodies.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and monitoring of the immune status in children with Down syndrome by determining the conc entration of TREС and KREС, which will allow timely corrective measures and prevent the development of complications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Дауна</kwd><kwd>TREC</kwd><kwd>KREC</kwd><kwd>иммунодефицитные состояния</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Down syndrome</kwd><kwd>TREC</kwd><kwd>KREC</kwd><kwd>immunodeficiency states</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии спонсорской поддержки при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that no funding was received for this study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Володин Н.Н., Демикова Н. 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