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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2025-3-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-212</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение пробиотиков при лечении респираторных инфекций у детей (обзор научных публикаций)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probiotics in treatment of respiratory tract infections in children (review of scientific publications)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6934-2223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Владимирович Лобзин, д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, президент центра, зав. каф.</p><p>каф. инфекционных болезней</p><p>197101; ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9/16; 191015; Кирочная ул., д. 41; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury Vladimirovich Lobzin, Dr. Sci., Professor, RAS Full Member, President of the Center, Head at the Department</p><p>Department of infection diseases</p><p>197101; Professor Popov str., 9/16; 191015; Kirochnaya str., 41; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ylobzin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Васильевич Горелов, д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе ФБУН, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра детских болезней</p><p>111123; ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а; 19991; ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Vasilievich Gorelov, Dr. Sci., Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Research, Professor of the Department</p><p>Department of Childhood Diseases</p><p>111123; Novogireevskaya str., 3a; 19991; Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agorelov_05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-5170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриценко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Александрович Гриценко, д. м. н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>460000; ул. Пионерская, д. 11; Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor Aleksandrovich Gritsenko, Dr. Sci., Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>460000; Pionerskaya, 11; Orenburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vag59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-9871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигачева</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Migacheva</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Бегиевна Мигачева, д. м. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой</p><p>Институт профессионального образования; кафедра педиатрии</p><p>443099; ул. Чапаевская, д. 89; Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Begievna Migacheva, Dr. Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Institute of Professional Education; Department of Pediatrics</p><p>443099; Chapaevskaya St., 89; Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nbmigacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-7337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Валериевич Усенко, д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>клинический отдел инфекционной патологии</p><p>111123; ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis Valerievich Usenko, Dr. Sci., Leading Researcher</p><p>Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology</p><p>111123; Novogireevskaya str., 3a; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dusenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-8576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермоленко</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolenko</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Дмитриевич Ермоленко, д. м. н., зав. отдела, доцент</p><p>научно-исследовательский отдел кишечных инфекций; кафедра инфекционных болезней</p><p>197101; ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9/16; 199034; Университетская наб., д. 7/9; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Dmitrievich Ermolenko, Dr. Sci., Head of the Department, Associate Professor</p><p>Research Department of Intestinal Infections; Department of Infectious Diseases</p><p>197101; Professor Popov str., 9/16; 199034; Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ermolenko.kd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; North-West State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor; First Moscow State Medical University named after I. M. Sechenov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клеточного и внутриклеточного симбиоза УрО РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лобзин Ю.В., Горелов А.В., Гриценко В.А., Мигачева Н.Б., Усенко Д.В., Ермоленко К.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лобзин Ю.В., Горелов А.В., Гриценко В.А., Мигачева Н.Б., Усенко Д.В., Ермоленко К.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lobzin Y.V., Gorelov A.V., Gritsenko V.A., Migacheva N.B., Usenko D.V., Ermolenko K.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/212">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/212</self-uri><abstract><p>   Уровень заболеваемости острыми респираторными инфекциями (ОРИ) у детей значительно выше, чем у взрослых. Наибольшее количество регистрируемых случаев приходится на детей в возрасте до 7 лет. На фоне пандемии SARS — COV2 отмечается частое интеркуррентное или сочетанное течение ОРИ. Большое таксономическое разнообразие возбудителей ОРИ, высокая частота сочетанного инфицирования, способность патогенов к формированию устойчивости к химиопрепаратам существенно ограничивают арсенал терапевтических и профилактических возможностей.</p><p>   Все это определяет актуальность изучения эффективности пробиотиков в качестве средств лечения и профилактики ОРИ у детей.</p><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: на основе критического анализа литературных источников оценить эффективность применения пробиотиков в лечении и профилактике ОРИ у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>   Методы</title><p>   Методы. Проведен анализ литературных данных, представленных в научных системах PubMed, ЕМ BASE, Web of Science и Trip с декабря 2000 по июнь 2024 года, посвященных клиническому применению пробиотиков при ОРИ у детей. В качестве поискового запроса были использованы ключевые слова и словосочетания: респираторные инфекции, микробиота, иммунитет, цитокины, макрофаги, секреторный IgA, T-регуляторные клетки.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Клинические исследования последних лет подтверждают, что пробиотики (в наибольшей степени Lactocasebacillus GG, L. casei, Bifidobacterium spp.) снижают частоту, продолжительность и тяжесть ОРВИ у детей за счет модуляции иммунного ответа (повышение уровня секреторного IgA, стимуляцит выработки IFN-γ и подавление синтеза провоспалительных цитокинов). Пробиотики обладают штаммоспецифическим иммуномодулирующим действием наэпителиальные клетки и клетки иммунной системы. Профилактическое применение пробиотиков снижало риск развития ОРИ на 10–32 %. Применение пробиотиков при ОРИ снижало длительность болезни на 0,5–1,5 дня, уменьшало вероятность негладкого течения и потребности в антибактериальных препаратах на 18–25 %.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Использование пробиотиков способствует снижению частоты и продолжительности эпизодов ОРИ, а также уменьшению частоты вторичных бактериальных осложнений. Их применение рассматривается как один ключевых инструментов обеспечения эффективного иммунного ответа и повышения устойчивости макроорганизма к респираторным возбудителям. Для расширения спектра применяемых пробиотических штаммов, уточнения их клинических и иммунологических эффектов целесообразно проведение дальнейших научных исследований в этой области.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children is significantly higher than in adults. The largest number of registered cases occurs in children under 7 years of age. Against the background of the SARS — COV2 pandemic, there is a frequent intercurrent or combined course of ARI. A large taxonomic diversity of ARI pathogens, a high frequency of combined infection, the ability of pathogens to develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs significantly limit the arsenal of therapeutic and preventive options.</p><p>   All this determines the relevance of studying the effectiveness of probiotics as a means of treating and preventing ARI in children.</p><p>   Objective of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of ARI in children based on a critical analysis of literary sources.</p><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. An analysis of literary data presented in the scientific systems PubMed, EM BASE, Web of Science and Trip from December 2000 to June 2024 was carried out, dedicated to the clinical use of probiotics for ARI in children. The following keywords and phrases were used as a search query: respiratory infections, microbiota, immunity, cytokines, macrophages, secretory IgA, T-regulatory cells.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Clinical studies of recent years confirm that probiotics (mostly Lactocasebacillus GG, L. casei, Bifidobacterium spp.) reduce the frequency, duration and severity of acute respiratory viral infections in children by modulating the immune response (increasing the level of secretory IgA, stimulating the production of IFN-γ and suppressing the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines). Probiotics have a strain-specific immunomodulatory effect on epithelial cells and cells of the immune system. Preventive use of probiotics reduced the risk of developing ARI by 10–32 %. The use of probiotics in ARIs reduced the duration of the disease by 0.5–1.5 days, decreased the likelihood of an uneven course and the need for antibacterial drugs by 18–25 %.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. The use of probiotics helps to reduce the frequency and duration of ARI episodes, as well as reduce the frequency of secondary bacterial complications. Their use is considered as one of the key tools for ensuring an effective immune response and increasing the resistance of the macroorganism to respiratory pathogens. To expand the range of probiotic strains used, to clarify their clinical and immunological effects, it is advisable to conduct further scientific research in this area.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острые респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляция</kwd><kwd>интерфероны</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>клиническая эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>immunomodulation</kwd><kwd>interferons</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulins</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>clinical efficacy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии спонсорской поддержки при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that no funding was received for this study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Биличенко Т.Н., Чучалин А.Г. 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