adairАллергология и Иммунология в ПедиатрииAllergology and Immunology in Paediatrics2500-11752712-7958Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России10.53529/2500-1175-2025-1-21-31adair-193Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESПрогностическое значение лимфоцитов периферической крови при внебольничной пневмонии у детейPrognostic value of peripheral blood lymphocytes in community-acquired pneumonia in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-2194ИзюроваН. В.IziurovaN. V.

Изюрова Наталья Владимировна — ассистент кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней и педиатрии 

Уральский федеральный округ, Челябинская область, 454092, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64 

Iziurova Natalia Vladimirovna — Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Children’s Diseases and Pediatrics 

454092, Ural Federal District, Chelyabinsk region, Chelyabinsk, Vorovskiy str., 64 

natusaz@live.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-0924СавочкинаА. Ю.SavochkinaA. Yu.

Савочкина Альбина Юрьевна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии 

Уральский федеральный округ, Челябинская область, 454092, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64 

Savochkina Albina Yurievna — Dr. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology 

454092, Ural Federal District, Chelyabinsk region, Chelyabinsk, Vorovskiy str., 64 

alina7423@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South-Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation202511062025012131Copyright © Изюрова Н.В., Савочкина А.Ю., 20252025Изюрова Н.В., Савочкина А.Ю.Iziurova N.V., Savochkina A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/193

Актуальность. Несмотря на существенное снижение заболеваемости пневмонией, внебольничная пневмония остается одной из основных причин смерти детей вне неонатального периода. Являясь ключевым компонентом иммунной системы, CD4+ Т-клетки значительно влияют на повреждение легочной ткани. До инициации адаптивного иммунного ответа NK-клетки не только продуцируют цитокины, связанные с противовирусным иммунитетом, но также непосредственно участвуют в быстром выведении инфицированных клеток.Цель. Определить изменения субпопуляций лимфоцитов в периферической крови у детей в разных возрастных группах с внебольничной пневмонией и оценить их прогностическую значимость в зависимости от тяжести внебольничной пневмонии.Материалы и методы. Было обследовано 117 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 18 лет с рентгенологически подтвержденным диагнозом внебольничной пневмонии тяжелой (29 детей) и нетяжелой (88 детей). Все дети были разделены на 4 возрастные группы (1–3 года, 4–7 лет, 8–12 лет, 13–18 лет). Фенотипирование и дифференцировка субпопуляций лимфоцитов проводились методом проточной цитометрии.Результаты. По результатам исследования было выявлено снижение количества NK-лимфоцитов в периферической крови у детей с тяжелой внебольничной пневмонией по сравнению с детьми с нетяжелой внебольничной пневмонией во всех возрастных группах, а также обнаружена ассоциация NK-лимфоцитов и TNK-лимфоцитов с тяжестью внебольничной пневмонии у детей.Заключение. Снижение количества NK-лимфоцитов в периферической крови у детей с тяжелой внебольничной пневмонией во всех возрастных группах по сравнению с детьми с нетяжелой внебольничной пневмонией, а также связь между снижением количества NK-лимфоцитов и TNK-лимфоцитов и тяжестью внебольничной пневмонии у детей может рассматриваться независимым маркером тяжести данного заболевания.

Introduction. Despite a significant decrease in mortality from pneumonia, pneumonia remains the main cause of death in children outside the neonatal period. As a key component of the immune system, CD4+ T cells significantly affect lung tissue damage. Prior to the initiation of an adaptive immune response, NK cells not only produce cytokines associated with antiviral immunity, but are also directly involved in the rapid elimination of infected cells.Objective. To determine changes in lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in children in different age groups with community-acquired pneumonia and and to assess their prognostic significance depending on the severity of community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. 117 children aged 1 to 18 years with radiologically confirmed diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia were examined, severe (29 children) and mild (88 children). All children were divided into 4 age groups (1–3 years old, 4–7 years old, 8–12 years old, 13–18 years old). Blood levels of lymphocytes and their subpopulations were determined in all children using flow cytometry.Results. According to the results of the study, a decrease in the number of NK-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of children with severe community-acquired pneumonia was revealed compared with children with mild community-acquired pneumonia in all age groups, and an association of NK-lymphocytes and TNK-lymphocytes with the severity of community-acquired pneumonia in children was found.Conclusions. A decrease in the number of NK-lymphocytes in peripheral blood in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia in all age groups compared with children with mild community-acquired pneumonia, as well as the association between a decrease in the number of NK-lymphocytes and TNK-lymphocytes and the severity of community-acquired pneumonia in children can be considered an independent marker of the severity of this disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.