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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2024-3-19-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-153</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реинтродукция исключенных пищевых триггеров как важный этап ведения пациентов с пищевой аллергией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reintroduction of excluded food triggers as a crucial step in managing patients with food allergies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галимова Альбина Альбертовна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии и нутрициологии </p><p>119296, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina Albertovna Galimova — Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Nutritional Science </p><p>119296, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 2, building 1, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">albina86@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-403X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Светлана Геннадиевна — д. м. н., доцент, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>119296, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Gennadyevna Makarova — Dr. Sci., Professor, Deputy Director </p><p>119296, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, 2, building 1, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sm27@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галимова А.А., Макарова С.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галимова А.А., Макарова С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galimova A.A., Makarova S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/153">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/153</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Несмотря на активное изучение механизмов пищевой аллергии (ПА), основным подходом к ведению пациентов с этой патологией остается полное исключение причинно-значимых аллергенов из рациона на определенный период. В то же время постоянно поднимается вопрос о необходимости своевременного повторного введения в рацион исключенных из питания значимых пищевых триггеров, что важно как с точки зрения поддержания оральной толерантности, так и в отношении снижения таких негативных эффектов длительной элиминационной диеты, как нарушение пищевого статуса и пищевого поведения, а также финансового бремени на семью. В то же время четких рекомендаций по реинтродукции (обратному введению в рацион) ранее исключенных пищевых продуктов до недавнего времени не существовало. В отношении аллергии к белкам коровьего молока (АБКМ) такие рекомендации даны 2023 году — в согласительном документе Всемирной аллергологической организации (WAO) — DRACMA.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Целью данного обзора является изложение современных подходов к реинтродукции пищевых аллергенов в рацион пациентов с пищевой аллергией, а также оценка различных протоколов реинтродукции, включая те, которые применяются при аллергии к белкам коровьего молока (АБКМ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Настоящий обзор представляет собой краткое изложение современных подходов к реинтродукции пищевых аллергенов в рацион, в том числе при различных формах пищевой аллергии — как IgE-опосредованных, так и не-IgE-опосредованных, рассмотрены преимущества различных протоколов ведения пациентов. Особое внимание уделено АБКМ как одной из наиболее распространенных проявлений ПА у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ современных подходов продемонстрировал, что современные рекомендации, касающиеся реинтродукции аллергенов, включая те, которые представлены в документе Всемирной аллергологической организации — DRACMA для аллергии на белки коровьего молока, позволяют обеспечить более персонализированный и безопасный подход к реинтродукции аллергенов, что способствует снижению рисков и поддержанию пищевой толерантности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Введение новых рекомендаций по реинтродукции пищевых аллергенов является важным шагом в ведении пациентов с пищевой аллергией. Данные рекомендации позволяют обеспечить более персонализированный подход к лечению пациентов с пищевой аллергией, в том числе к белкам коровьего молока, что снижает риски, связанные с повторным введением аллергенов в рацион, а также способствует уменьшению негативных эффектов элиминационных диет и поддержанию пищевой толерантности у пациентов, что особенно важно для детей с ПА.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Despite active research into the mechanisms of food allergies (FA), the main approach to managing patients with this condition remains the complete exclusion of causative allergens from the diet for a certain period. At the same time, the question of timely reintroduction of excluded food triggers into the diet is frequently raised, which is important both for maintaining oral tolerance and reducing the negative effects of long-term elimination diets, such as nutritional and eating behavior disorders, as well as financial burdens on families. However, clear recommendations on the reintroduction of previously excluded foods have not existed until recently. Regarding cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), such recommendations were provided in 2023 in the consensus document of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) — DRACMA.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of this review is to present current approaches to the reintroduction of food allergens into the diets of patients with food allergies and to evaluate various reintroduction protocols, including those used for cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This review provides a concise summary of current approaches to reintroducing food allergens into the diet, covering both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated forms of food allergy. The advantages of different patient management protocols are discussed, with special attention given to CMPA as one of the most common manifestations of FA in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An analysis of modern approaches has demonstrated that modern recommendations regarding the reintroduction of allergens, including those presented in the document of the World Allergological Organization — DRACMA for allergy to cow’s milk proteins, allow for a more personalized and safe approach to the reintroduction of allergens, which helps reduce risks and maintain food tolerance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The introduction of new guidelines for the reintroduction of food allergens is an important step in managing patients with food allergies. These recommendations provide a more personalized approach to treating food-allergic patients, including those with cow’s milk protein allergy, reducing the risks associated with reintroducing allergens into the diet. They also help to mitigate the negative effects of elimination diets and maintain oral tolerance in patients, which is particularly important for children with FA.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пищевая аллергия</kwd><kwd>аллергия к белкам коровьего молока</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>реинтродукция</kwd><kwd>толерантность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>food allergy</kwd><kwd>cow’s milk allergy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>reintroduction</kwd><kwd>tolerance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burney P.G., Potts J., Kummeling I., et al. The prevalence and distribution of food sensitization in European adults. 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