<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">adair</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аллергология и Иммунология в Педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Allergology and Immunology in Paediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ассоциация детских аллергологов и иммунологов России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53529/2500-1175-2023-4-40-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">adair-119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности клинического течения и терапии анафилаксии у детей в Рязанской области по данным опроса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the clinical course and treatment of anaphylaxis in children in the Ryazan region according to survey data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стежкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stezhkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стежкина Елена Викторовна - к. м. н., доцент кафедры факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии</p><p>390026 г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Viktorovna Stezhkina - Cand. of Sci., Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatrics FDPO</p><p>9 Vysokovol’tnaya Str., Ryazan, 390026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polus1972@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-0205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белых</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belykh</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белых Наталья Анатольевна - д. м. н., зав. кафедрой поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии</p><p>390026 г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya Anatolyevna Belykh - Doctor of Med.l Sci., head of department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course ofPediatrics FDPO</p><p>9 Vysokovol’tnaya Str., Ryazan, 390026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nbelyh68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5764-5883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agapova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агапова Анна Ивановна - ординатор II года по специальности «Педиатрия» кафедры факультетской и поликлинической педиатрии с курсом педиатрии</p><p>390026 г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Ivanovna Agapova - resident II year in the specialty “Pediatrics” of the Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatrics FDPO</p><p>9 Vysokovol’tnaya Str., Ryazan, 39</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agapova_96@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7900-1739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманова</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleymanova</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сулейманова Дарья Ивановна - педиатр, заведующая педиатрическим отделением</p><p>140304, Московская область, городской округ Егорьевск, ул. Жукова Гора, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya Ivanovna Suleymanova - pediatrician</p><p>19 Zhukova Gora Str., Egoryevsk, Moscow region, 140304</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashulya.denisova.2020@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-904X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляева Анастасия Николаевна - врач-педиатр</p><p>390039, г. Рязань, ул. Интернациональная, д. 1 «З»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Nikolaevna Belyaeva - pediatrician</p><p>«З», Internatsional’naya Str., 390039</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyeva_an@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Егорьевская центральная районная больница»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Head of Pediatric Department GBUZ of the Moscow Region “Egoryevskaya Hospital”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ РО «Городская детская поликлиника №3»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GBU RO “City Children’s Clinic 3”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стежкина Е.В., Белых Н.А., Агапова А.И., Сулейманова Д.И., Беляева А.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стежкина Е.В., Белых Н.А., Агапова А.И., Сулейманова Д.И., Беляева А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stezhkina E.V., Belykh N.A., Agapova A.I., Suleymanova D.I., Belyaeva A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/119">https://adair.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/119</self-uri><abstract><p>Анафилаксия — это жизнеугрожающая системная реакция гиперчувствительности с быстрым развитием критических изменений гемодинамики и (или) нарушениями со стороны дыхательной системы, которая может привести к летальному исходу. Несмотря на тенденцию к распространению анафилаксии среди детей, существуют затруднения в мониторинге статистических данных, так как в МКБ-10 нет общепринятого шифра «Анафилаксия», а в качестве диагноза фигурируют обозначения от аллергической крапивницы до анафилактического шока. Эпидемиологические исследования по анафилаксии в Российской Федерации единичные, поэтому оценка данных каждого региона является актуальным.Цель работы: изучить клинические особенности и оказание медицинской помощи при анафилаксии у детей Рязанской области в реальной клинической практике.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинской документации у 300 детей перенесших «острую аллергическую реакцию» за последние 5 лет с последующим телефонным опросом родителей пациентов о перенесенном заболевании с помощью адаптированной анкеты, и на основании клинических критериев диагностики анафилаксии, представленных Всемирной организацией аллергологов (WAO) в 2020 году и в Федеральных клинических рекомендациях по диагностике и лечению анафилаксии, анафилактического шока РФ 2022 года, отобрано 57 пациентов.Результаты. Было выявлено, что средний возраст впервые возникшей анафилаксии у детей от 2 до 6 лет составляет 3,5 года. Клинические проявления со стороны кожи и слизистых оболочек присутствовали у 67,2 % пациентов, симптомы со стороны дыхательной системы в 11,8 % случаев. Ведущим триггером возникновения анафилаксии у детей является пищевой фактор (n = 27 (40 %), (χ2 = 4,56; р = 0,033)). В 29 % случаев причинно-значимый аллерген остался неизвестным. Наиболее распространенными препаратами в лечении анафилаксии в реальной клинической практике оказались глюкокортикостероиды (n = 48, (84,2 %)) и антигистаминные препаратов первого и второго поколения (n = 47 (82,5 %)). Частота применения адреналина составила всего 3 случая (5 %).Заключение. Проведенное эпидемиологическое исследование анафилаксии в Рязанской области явилось пилотным проектом для нашего региона. Оно показало сложности как в организации, так и в трактовке полученных данных. По предварительным результатам пищевая аллергия является частым триггером анафилаксии у детей Рязанской области. Региональные исследования анафилаксии у детей в реальной клинической практике позволяют выявить не только особенности этой ургентной патологии, но и отметить проблемы оказания первичной медицинской помощи с целью ее совершенствования. Дальнейшее изучение популяционных моделей анафилаксии, по-видимому, должно строиться на создании единой анкеты педиатрического сообщества, по примеру опросников ISAAС или создания регистров, что более точно поможет определить истинную распространенность анафилаксии, определить потребность в определении анафилактогенных релевантных молекул в детской популяции, улучшить оказание помощи детям при этих состояниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction with the rapid development of critical changes in hemodynamics and /or disorders of the respiratory system, which can lead to death. Despite the trend towards the spread of anaphylaxis among children, there are difficulties in monitoring statistical data, since there is no generally accepted cipher “Anaphylaxis” in the ICD-10, and designations from allergic urticaria to anaphylactic shock appear as a diagnosis. Epidemiological studies on anaphylaxis in the Russian Federation are isolated, so the assessment of data from each region is relevant.Objective: to study the clinical features and medical care for anaphylaxis in children of the Ryazan region in real clinical practice.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of medical documentation was carried out in 300 children who had suffered an “acute allergic reaction” over the past 5 years, followed by a telephone survey of patients’ parents about the disease, and based on the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis presented by the World Organization of Allergists (WAO) in 2020 and in the Federal Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of anaphylaxis, 57 patients were selected for anaphylactic shock of the Russian Federation in 2022, whose data were compared in a spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS V24.0, including descriptive statistics.Results: It was revealed that the average age of first—time anaphylaxis is 3.5 years. Clinical manifestations from the skin and mucous membranes were present in 67.2 % of patients, symptoms from the respiratory system in 11.8 % of cases. The leading trigger for the occurrence of anaphylaxis in children is the nutritional factor (n = 27 (40 %), (χ2 = 4.56; p = 0.033)). In 29 % of cases, the causally significant allergen remained unknown. The most common drugs in the treatment of anaphylaxis in real clinical practice were glucocorticosteroids (n = 48 (84.2 %)) and antihistamines of the first and second generation (n = 47 (82.5 %)). The frequency of epinephrine use was only 3 cases (5 %).Conclusion: The epidemiological study of anaphylaxis in the Ryazan region was a pilot project for our region. It showed difficulties both in the organization and in the interpretation of the data obtained. According to preliminary results, food allergy is a frequent trigger of anaphylaxis in children of the Ryazan region. Regional studies of anaphylaxis in children in real clinical practice make it possible to identify not only the features of this urgent pathology, but also to note the problems of providing primary medical care in order to improve it. Further study of population models of anaphylaxis, apparently, should be based on the creation of a unified questionnaire of the pediatric community, following the example of the ISAAC questionnaires or the creation of registers, which will more accurately help determine the true prevalence of anaphylaxis, determine the need to identify anaphylactogenic relevant molecules in the pediatric population, and improve the provision of assistance to children with these conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анафилаксия</kwd><kwd>аллергическая реакция</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>адреналин</kwd><kwd>пищевая аллергия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaphylaxis</kwd><kwd>allergic reaction</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adrenaline</kwd><kwd>food allergy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muraro A, Worm M, Alviani C, et al; European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Food Allergy, Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group. EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy. 2022 Feb; 77 (2): 357–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15032. Epub 2021 Sep 1. PMID: 34343358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraro A, Worm M, Alviani C, et al; European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Food Allergy, Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group. EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy. 2022 Feb; 77 (2): 357–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15032. Epub 2021 Sep 1. PMID: 34343358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению анафилаксии, анафилактического шока. 2022 г. [Электронный ресурс]. Одобрены Научно-практическим советом МЗ РФ. Разработчики КР: Российская ассоциация аллергологов и клинических иммунологов, Общероссийская общественная организация «Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов». Режим доступа: https://raaci.ru/dat/pdf/allergic_shock_2022.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock. 2022. [Electronic resource]. Approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Developers of the CD: Russian Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists, All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”, https://raaci.ru/dat/pdf/allergic_shock_2022.pdf. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Guidance, 2020 г. Published: October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou. 2020.100472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Guidance, 2020 г. Published: October 30, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou. 2020.100472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пампура АН, Есакова НВ. Анафилаксия у детей: проблемы и пути их решения. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2020; 65 (3): 5–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pampura AN, Esakova NV. Anaphylaxis in children: problems and ways to solve them. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2020; 65 (3): 5–10. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-3-5-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanno LK, Calderon MA, Goldberg BJ, Akdis CA, Papadopoulos NG, Demoly P. Categorization of allergic disorders in the new World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014; 4: 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045- 7022-4-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanno LK, Calderon MA, Goldberg BJ, Akdis CA, Papadopoulos NG, Demoly P. Categorization of allergic disorders in the new World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014; 4: 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-7022-4-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanno LK, Ganem F, Demoly P, Toscano CM, Bierrenbach AL. Undernotification of anaphylaxis deaths in Brazil due to difficult coding under the ICD-10. Allergy. 2012; 67: 783–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02829.x. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanno LK, Ganem F, Demoly P, Toscano CM, Bierrenbach AL. Undernotification of anaphylaxis deaths in Brazil due to difficult coding under the ICD-10. Allergy. 2012; 67: 783–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02829.x. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansotegui IJ, Sánchez-Borges M, Cardona V. Current trends in prevalence and mortality of anaphylaxis. CurrTreatOptionsAllergy. 2016; 3: 205. doi: 10.1007/s40521-016-0094-0. — DOI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansotegui IJ, Sánchez-Borges M, Cardona V. Current trends in prevalence and mortality of anaphylaxis. CurrTreatOptionsAllergy. 2016; 3: 205. doi: 10.1007/s40521-016-0094-0. — DOI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanno LK, Ganem F, Demoly P, Toscano CM, Bierrenbach AL. Undernotification of anaphylaxis deaths in Brazil due to difficult coding under the ICD-10. Allergy. 2012; 67: 783–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02829.x. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanno LK, Ganem F, Demoly P, Toscano CM, Bierrenbach AL. Undernotification of anaphylaxis deaths in Brazil due to difficult coding under the ICD-10. Allergy. 2012; 67: 783–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02829.x. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tejedor Alonso MA, Moro Moro M, Múgica García MV. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45 (6): 1027–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12418. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tejedor Alonso MA, Moro Moro M, Múgica García MV. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45 (6): 1027–1039. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12418. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильина НИ, Заболотских ИБ, Астафьева НГ и др. Анафилактический шок. Клинические рекомендации Ассоциации аллергологов и клинических иммунологов и Общероссийской общественной организации «Федерация анестезиологов и реаниматологов». Вестник интенсивной терапии имени А. И. Салтанова. 2020; 3: 15–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anaphylactic shock. Clinical recommendations of the Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists and the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists. Bulletin of Intensive Care named after A. I. Saltanov. 2020; 3: 15–26. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panesar SS, Javad S, de Silva D, Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Dubois AEJ, DunnGalvin A, Eigenmann P, Fernandez-Rivas M, Halken S, Lack G, Niggemann B, Santos AF, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Zolkipli ZQ, Sheikh A, on behalf of the EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group The epidemiology of anaphylaxis in Europe: a systematic review. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1353–1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12272. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panesar SS, Javad S, de Silva D, Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Dubois AEJ, DunnGalvin A, Eigenmann P, Fernandez-Rivas M, Halken S, Lack G, Niggemann B, Santos AF, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ, Zolkipli ZQ, Sheikh A, on behalf of the EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group The epidemiology of anaphylaxis in Europe: a systematic review. Allergy. 2013; 68: 1353–1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12272. — DOI — PubMed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Gomes E, Cernadas JR, du Toit G, Kidon M et al. Diagnosis and management of drug-induced anaphylaxis in children: An EAACI position paper. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019; 30 (3): 269–276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Gomes E, Cernadas JR, du Toit G, Kidon M et al. Diagnosis and management of drug-induced anaphylaxis in children: An EAACI position paper. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2019; 30 (3): 269–276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber HK, Bassett GL, Hollingsworth LK, Gan WW, Rose S, Lim J, Pryor SJ. Presentation of pediatric anaphylaxis emergency departments in regional/remote Australia. J Pediatrician Children’s Health. August 2022; 58 (8): 1407–1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/JPC.16006. Epub 2022 May 4. PMID: 35506702; PMCID: PMC9542789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber HK, Bassett GL, Hollingsworth LK, Gan WW, Rose S, Lim J, Pryor SJ. Presentation of pediatric anaphylaxis emergency departments in regional/remote Australia. J Pediatrician Children’s Health. August 2022; 58 (8): 1407–1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/JPC.16006. Epub 2022 May 4. PMID: 35506702; PMCID: PMC9542789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пампура АН, Есакова НВ. Анафилаксия у детей. М.: ИД «Медпрактика-М», 2020. 368 с. ISBN 978-5-98803-436-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pampura AN, Esakova NV. Anaphylaxis in children. M.: Publishing House “Medpraktika-M”, 2020. 368 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood R, Camargo C, Lieberman P, et al. Anaphylaxis in America: The prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis in the United States. J. Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2014; 133 (2): 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood R, Camargo C, Lieberman P, et al. Anaphylaxis in America: The prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis in the United States. J. Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2014; 133 (2): 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Koplin JJ, Ho MHK, Wong WHS, Allen KJ. Increasing hospital presentations for anaphylaxis in the pediatric population in Hong Kong. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018; 6 (3): 1050.e2–1052.e2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Koplin JJ, Ho MHK, Wong WHS, Allen KJ. Increasing hospital presentations for anaphylaxis in the pediatric population in Hong Kong. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018; 6 (3): 1050.e2–1052.e2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilo et al on behalf of EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2014 — PubMed.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilo et al on behalf of EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2014 — PubMed.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner PJ, Campbell DE, Motosue MS, Campbell RL Global Trends in Anaphylaxis Epidemiology and Clinical Implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; S2213— 2198(19): 30967–30965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turner PJ, Campbell DE, Motosue MS, Campbell RL Global Trends in Anaphylaxis Epidemiology and Clinical Implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; S2213— 2198(19): 30967–30965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soar J, Pumphrey R, Cant A, et al. Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions — Guidelines for healthcare providers. Resuscitation. 2008; 77 (2): 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.02.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soar J, Pumphrey R, Cant A, et al. Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions — Guidelines for healthcare providers. Resuscitation. 2008; 77 (2): 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.02.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лепешкова ТС, Бельтюков ЕК, Царькова СА. Пищевая анафилаксия у детей. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. 2020; 1 (60): 26–43. doi:10.24411/2500-1175-2020-10002. [Lepeshkova TS, Beltyukov EK, Tsarkova SA. Food anaphylaxis in children. Allergology and immunology in pediatrics. 2020; 1 (60): 26–43. (In Russ.)] https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-1175-2020-10002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лепешкова ТС, Бельтюков ЕК, Царькова СА. Пищевая анафилаксия у детей. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. 2020; 1 (60): 26–43. doi:10.24411/2500-1175-2020-10002. [Lepeshkova TS, Beltyukov EK, Tsarkova SA. Food anaphylaxis in children. Allergology and immunology in pediatrics. 2020; 1 (60): 26–43. (In Russ.)] https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-1175-2020-10002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Главное управление МЧС России по Рязанской области. Электронный ресурс: https://62.mchs.gov.ru/ Последнее обращение от 04.12.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Ryazan region. Electronic resource: https://62.mchs.gov.ru/ (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Рязанской области. Электронный ресурс: https://62.rosstat.gov.ru/. Последнее обращение от 04.12.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Ryazan region. Electronic resource: https://62.rosstat.gov.ru/(In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramsey NB, Guffey D, Anagnostou K, Coleman NE, Davis C.M. Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Critically Ill Children in the United States and Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7 (7): 2241–2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.04.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramsey NB, Guffey D, Anagnostou K, Coleman NE, Davis C.M. Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Critically Ill Children in the United States and Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7 (7): 2241–2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.04.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков ДК, Аляхнович НС, Выхристенко ЛР и другие. Аллергия: инновации представлений, диагностики, лечения и подготовки врачей. Медицинские новости. 2020; 4 (307): 4–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov DK, Alyakhnovich NS, Vykhristenko LR and others. Allergy: innovations in presentation, diagnosis, treatment and training of doctors. Medical news. 2020; 4 (307): 4–14. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muraro A, Halken S, Arshad SH, Beyer K, Dubois AE, Du Toit G et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines. Primary prevention of food allergy. Allergy. 2014; 69: 590–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraro A, Halken S, Arshad SH, Beyer K, Dubois AE, Du Toit G et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines. Primary prevention of food allergy. Allergy. 2014; 69: 590–601. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramsey NB, Guffey D, Anagnostou K, Coleman NE, Davis CM Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Critically Ill Children in the United States and Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7 (7): 2241–2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.04.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramsey NB, Guffey D, Anagnostou K, Coleman NE, Davis CM Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Critically Ill Children in the United States and Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7 (7): 2241–2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.04.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астафьева НГ, Гамова ИВ, Кобзев ДЮ и др. Пищевая анафилаксия: проблемы пациента, врача и общества. Аллергология и иммунология. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2016; 6: 38–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astafyeva NG, Gamova IV, Kobzev DY et al. Food anaphylaxis: problems of the patient, doctor and society. Allergology and immunology. Effective pharmacotherapy. 2016; 6: 38–49. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su Y, Wen J, Zhang H, Zou Z, Cai Y, Zhang C. Clinical Characteristics of Anaphylaxis in Children Aged 0-16 Years in Xi’an, China. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2023; 184 (3): 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1159/000527497. Epub 2022 Dec 14. PMID: 36516810; PMCID: PMC10015755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su Y, Wen J, Zhang H, Zou Z, Cai Y, Zhang C. Clinical Characteristics of Anaphylaxis in Children Aged 0-16 Years in Xi’an, China. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2023; 184 (3): 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1159/000527497. Epub 2022 Dec 14. PMID: 36516810; PMCID: PMC10015755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J, Young MC, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. International survey of knowledge of food-induced anaphylaxis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014 Nov; 25 (7): 644–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12284. Epub 2014 Oct 16. PMID: 25263184; PMCID: PMC4302004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J, Young MC, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. International survey of knowledge of food-induced anaphylaxis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014 Nov; 25 (7): 644–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12284. Epub 2014 Oct 16. PMID: 25263184; PMCID: PMC4302004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prince BT, Mikhail I, Stukus DR. Underuse of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis missed opportunities. J Asthma Allergy. 2018; 11: 143–151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prince BT, Mikhail I, Stukus DR. Underuse of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis missed opportunities. J Asthma Allergy. 2018; 11: 143–151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
